Isikhunta esimnyama(igama lesayensi: Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) Underw), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-wood ear, i-wood moth, i-Dingyang, i-tree mushroom, i-light wood ear, i-fine wood ear kanye ne-cloud ear, iyi-saprophytic fungus ekhula okhunini olubolile. I-black fungus imise okweqabunga noma cishe imise okwehlathi, inemiphetho enamagagasi, incane, ububanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-6 cm, cishe ubukhulu obungu-2 mm, futhi inamathele ku-substrate ngesiqu esifushane esiseceleni noma isisekelo esincane. Esigabeni sokuqala, ithambile futhi i-colloid, inamathela futhi iyanwebeka, bese iba yi-cartilaginous kancane. Ngemva kokoma, iyancipha kakhulu futhi iba mnyama, iqine futhi iqhekeke ibe yi-horn kuya cishe ibe yisikhumba. Unqenqema lwangaphandle lwangemuva lumise okwe-arc, lube nsundu ngokunsomi kuya koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokumpunga okumnyama, futhi lumbozwe kancane izinwele ezimfushane.
Izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile zaseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeShayina, ziyizindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlala zasendleisikhunta esimnyamaEzindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile zaseNyakatho Melika nase-Australia, isikhunta esimnyama asivamile futhi sitholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia kuphela. I-Elderberry kanye ne-oki yizindawo ezivamile zesikhunta esimnyama eYurophu enesimo sezulu esipholile, kodwa inani laso alivamile.
IShayina yindawo yakuboisikhunta esimnyama. Isizwe saseShayina saqaphela futhi sathuthukisa isikhunta esimnyama kusukela enkathini yaseShennong eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4,000 eyedlule, futhi saqala ukusilima nokuyidla. "Incwadi YamaRites" iqopha nokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esimnyama emadilini asebukhosini. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwesayensi yanamuhla, okuqukethwe yiprotheni, amavithamini kanye nensimbi kusikhunta esimnyama esomisiwe kuphezulu kakhulu. Iphrotheni yaso iqukethe ama-amino acid ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-lysine ne-leucine. Isikhunta esimnyama asigcini nje ngokudla, kodwa futhi singasetshenziswa njengomuthi wendabuko waseShayina. Singesinye sezitshalo zokuqala ezibalulekile ezakha isikhunta sendabuko saseShayina. Sinemiphumela eminingi yezokwelapha njengokugcwalisa i-qi negazi, ukumanzisa amaphaphu nokuqeda ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi.
Isikhunta esimnyamaNgokuvamile kutshalwa ezingodweni. Ngemva kokuthuthuka okuphumelelayo kokutshala okunye esikhundleni ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, ukutshala okunye esikhundleni kube yindlela eyinhloko yokutshala isikhunta esimnyama.
Isikhunta esimnyamainqubo yokulima Ukulima isikhunta esimnyama kunenqubo eqondile kakhulu, phakathi kwayo okuyinhloko yizici ezilandelayo:
Ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwensimu yendlebe
Ukuze kukhethwe insimu yendlebe, izimo eziyinhloko umoya omuhle nokukhanya kwelanga, ukudonsa amanzi kalula kanye nokunisela, kanye nokugcina kude nemithombo yokungcola. Lapho wakha insimu yendlebe, kubalulekile ukukhetha ucingo lwensimbi lohlaka lombhede, olungasindisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, luthuthukise umoya nokudlulisa ukukhanya, futhi lungaphinde lusetshenziswe. Ukufutha ngamanzi kwenziwa kakhulu ngokwelashwa okuphezulu, okungenza umphumela wokufutha amanzi ufane futhi konge imithombo yamanzi. Imishini yokufutha amanzi idinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba insimu yakhiwe.
Izinto zokuxuba
Izinto zokuxuba zesikhunta esimnyama ukuxuba ngokulinganayo izithako eziyinhloko, i-calcium carbonate kanye ne-bran, bese ulungisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi kube cishe ngu-50%.
Ukufaka izikhwama
Izinto zesikhwama zenziwe nge-polyethylene enomfutho ophansi, enemininingwane engu-14.7m×53cm×0.05cm. Isikhwama sidinga ukuba siqine ngokwanele ngaphandle kokuzizwa sithambile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, siqinisekise ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye sendawo yokukhulisa singaba ngu-1.5kg.
Ukugoma
Ngaphambi kwalesi sinyathelo, ikhethini leshedi lokukhulisa lidinga ukwehliswa. Bese, naka ukuhlanza ibhokisi lokugoma. Isikhathi sokuhlanza kufanele silawulwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Inaliti yokugoma kanye nesikhafu kufanele kuhlanzwe futhi kuvezwe elangeni, bese kususwa amagciwane bese kuhlanzwa ngotshwala. Ukuhlunga kungacwiliswa cishe izikhathi ezingu-300 ze-carbendazim cishe imizuzu emi-5. Ngemva kwalokho, kungomiswa elangeni. Abasebenzi bokugoma kufanele bahlanze izandla zabo ngotshwala, bese bezomisa ebhokisini lokugoma.
Ukutshala isikhunta
Enqubweni yokukhulaisikhunta esimnyama, lesi sixhumanisi sibalulekile. Ukuphathwa kwesikhunta kuyisihluthulelo sokutshala isikhunta esimnyama. Ngokuyinhloko kumayelana nokulawula izinga lokushisa endlini eluhlaza okotshani, okuhlobene ngqo nokusinda kwe-mycelium. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula okuqinile, futhi izinga lokushisa kumele lihlangabezane nezindinganiso zangempela. Ngokuphathelene nokubekwa kwe-mycelium, izinti zamakhowe kufanele zibekwe enqwabeni "eqondile" ngemva kokugonywa. Ukuze kugonywe izinti zamakhowe ezimbobo ezintathu nezimbobo ezine, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isilonda sibekwa phezulu. Isilonda sokugonywa ngezindlela ezimbili sidinga ukubheka izinhlangothi zombili. Inqwaba cishe izingqimba eziyi-7 ukuphakama. Engqimbeni ephezulu, naka ukwelashwa komthunzi ohlangothini lwembobo yokugonywa ukuze ugweme amanzi aphuzi.
Ukwakheka kokudla okunempilo
Isikhunta esimnyamaAkugcini nje ngokuba bushelelezi futhi kumnandi, kodwa futhi kucebile ngokudla okunempilo. Kudume ngokuba "yinyama phakathi kwabadla imifino" kanye "nenkosi yabadla imifino". Kuyi-tonic eyaziwayo. Ngokusho kocwaningo nokuhlaziywa okufanele, yonke i-100g yesikhunta esisha iqukethe i-10.6g yamaprotheni, i-0.2g yamafutha, i-65.5g yama-carbohydrate, i-7g ye-cellulose, kanye namavithamini namaminerali amaningi njenge-thiamine, i-riboflavin, i-niacin, i-carotene, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-iron. Phakathi kwazo, i-iron iyona eningi kakhulu. I-100g ngayinye yesikhunta esisha iqukethe i-185mg yensimbi, ephakeme ngokuphindwe ka-20 kune-celery, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi phakathi kwemifino enamaqabunga, futhi cishe ngokuphindwe ka-7 kunesibindi sengulube, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi phakathi kokudla kwezilwane. Ngakho-ke, yaziwa ngokuthi "iqhawe lensimbi" phakathi kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrotheni yesikhunta esimnyama iqukethe ama-amino acid ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-lysine, i-leucine namanye ama-amino acid abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, anenani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo. I-Black fungus iyi-colloid fungus, equkethe inani elikhulu le-colloid, enomphumela omuhle wokugcoba ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla komuntu, ingasusa ukudla okusele nezinto ezinamathelayo ezingagayeki esiswini nasemathunjini, futhi inomphumela wokuncibilika ezintweni zangaphandle njengezinsalela zokhuni nothuli lwesihlabathi oludliwa ngengozi. Ngakho-ke, kuyindlela yokuqala yokudla okunempilo kwabapheki bekotoni nalabo abenza umsebenzi wokumba, uthuli, kanye nokuvikela umgwaqo. Ama-phospholipids ku-black fungus ayizakhamzimba zamaseli obuchopho bomuntu kanye namaseli ezinzwa, futhi ayi-brain tonic esebenzayo futhi eshibhile yentsha kanye nezisebenzi zengqondo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2024