Isingeniso senani Lokudla Okunempilo Nezokwelapha Lesikhunta Esimnyama

Isikhunta esimnyama(igama lesayensi: Auricularia auricula (Le.ex Hook.) Underw), eyaziwa nangokuthi indlebe yokhuni, inundu yokhuni, i-Dingyang, ikhowa lesihlahla, indlebe yokhuni olulula, indlebe yokhuni olumhlophe kanye nendlebe yamafu, ukhunta olusaprophytic olumila okhunini olubolile. . Isikhunta esimnyama simise okweqabunga noma sicishe simise okwehlathi, sinemiphetho enamagagasi, mncane, 2 kuya ku-6 cm ububanzi, cishe 2 mm ubukhulu, futhi sinamathele ku-substrate ngesiqu esifushane esiseceleni noma isisekelo esiwumngcingo. Esikhathini sokuqala, ithambile futhi i-colloid, inamathele futhi inwebeka, bese i-cartilaginous kancane. Ngemva kokoma, incipha kakhulu futhi iba mnyama, iqine futhi ibe nezimpondo ezishwabene cishe ibe isikhumba. Unqenqema lwangaphandle lwangemuva lumise okwe-arc, olunsomi-nsumpa kuya kokumpunga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi lumbozwe kancane ngezinwele ezimfishane.

Izindawo ezipholile zaseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeChina, yizona zindawo ezihlala kakhulu zasendleukhunta omnyama. Ezifundeni ezipholile zaseNyakatho Melika nase-Australia, ukhunta olumnyama luyivelakancane futhi lutholakala kuphela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. I-Elderberry kanye ne-oki yizindawo ezivamile zokuhlala kwesikhunta esimnyama eYurophu epholile, kodwa inani liyivelakancane.

I-China idolobha lasekhayaukhunta omnyama. Isizwe saseShayina sabona futhi sathuthukisa ukhunta olumnyama ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Shennong eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-4,000 edlule, futhi saqala ukulihlakulela nokulidla. I-"Book of Rites" iphinda irekhode ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esimnyama emadilini ombuso. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwesayensi yesimanje, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, amavithamini kanye nensimbi ku-fungus emnyama omisiwe kuphezulu kakhulu. Amaprotheni ayo aqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zama-amino acid, ikakhulukazi i-lysine ne-leucine. Isikhunta esimnyama asikona nje ukudla, kodwa futhi singasetshenziswa njengomuthi wendabuko waseShayina. Ingenye yezitshalo zokuqala ezibalulekile ezakha isikhunta somuthi wendabuko waseShayina. Inemiphumela eminingi yokwelapha njengokugcwalisa i-qi negazi, ukuthambisa amaphaphu nokukhulula ukukhwehlela, nokumisa ukopha.

Isikhunta esimnyamakutshalwa ezingodweni ngokwesiko. Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa okuyimpumelelo kokutshalwa esikhundleni sokutshalwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, ukutshalwa esikhundleni sekuyindlela eyinhloko yokutshala ukhunta omnyama.

 

Isikhunta esimnyamainqubo yokutshala Ukutshala ukhunta omnyama kunenqubo enembe kakhulu, phakathi kwayo okuyinhloko yilezi zici ezilandelayo:

Ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwenkundla yezindlebe

Ukuze kukhethwe insimu yezindlebe, izimo eziyinhloko umoya omuhle kanye nokukhanya kwelanga, ukudonsa kalula nokunisela, nokugcina kude nemithombo yokungcola. Lapho wakha indawo yezindlebe, kubalulekile ukukhetha intambo yensimbi yohlaka lombhede, engagcina izinto ezingavuthiwe, ithuthukise umoya wokungenisa umoya kanye nokudlulisa ukukhanya, futhi ingaphinda igaywe kabusha. Ukufafaza kwamanzi kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngokuhlanzwa phezulu, okungenza umphumela wokufafaza kwamanzi ufane futhi wonge imithombo yamanzi. Imishini yokufafaza amanzi idinga ukuhlelwa ngaphambi kokuba insimu yakhiwe.

Ukuxuba izinto

Izinto zokuxuba isikhunta esimnyama ukuxuba ngokulinganayo izithako eziyinhloko, i-calcium carbonate kanye ne-bran, bese ulungisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi cishe ku-50%.

Ukufaka isikhwama

Impahla yesikhwama iyimpahla ye-polyethylene enengcindezi ephansi, enemininingwane engu-14.7m×53cm×0.05cm. Isikhwama sidinga ukuminyene ngokwanele ngaphandle kokuzizwa sithambile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye se-culture medium silinganiselwa ku-1.5kg.

I-inoculation

Ngaphambi kwalesi sinyathelo, ikhethini leshede lamasiko lidinga ukwehliswa. Khona-ke, qaphela ukukhipha amagciwane ebhokisini le-inoculation. Isikhathi sokubulala amagciwane kufanele silawulwe ngaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Inaliti yokujova kanye nomkhono kufanele kuhlanzwe futhi kuvezwe elangeni, bese kuhlanzwa nge-disinfected bese kukhuhlwa ngotshwala. I-strain ingacwiliswa izikhathi ezingaba ngu-300 ze-carbendazim cishe imizuzu emi-5. Ngemva kwalokho, ingamiswa elangeni. Izisebenzi zokujova kufanele zigeze izandla zabo ngotshwala, bese zomisa ebhokisini lokugomela.

 

Ukutshala isikhunta

Ngenqubo yokukhulaukhunta omnyama, lesi sixhumanisi sibalulekile. Ukuphathwa kwesikhunta kuyisihluthulelo sokutshala ukhunta omnyama. Ngokuyinhloko imayelana nokulawula izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse ngokunengqondo, okuhlobene ngokuqondile nokusinda kwe-mycelium. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa okuqinile kufanele kunakwe, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlangabezane nezindinganiso zangempela. Ngokuphathelene nokubekwa kwe-mycelium, izinti zamakhowe kufanele zifakwe enqwabeni "eqondile" ngemuva kokujova. Ukuze kufakwe izinti zamakhowe ezinezimbobo ezintathu nezine ezinemigodi eyodwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibazi sibekwe phezulu. Isibazi sokujova ngezindlela ezimbili sidinga ukubhekana nezinhlangothi zombili. Isitaki sicishe sibe izingqimba ezingu-7 ukuphakama. On the layer top, naka ukwelashwa shading ohlangothini port inoculation ukugwema amanzi aphuzi.